基于脚手架创建项目「项目名称需要符合npm包规范」
$ npx create-next-app@latest

|- node_modules  包含安装的模块
|- public  页面模板和IconLogo
    |- favicon.ico
    |- index.html
|- src  我们编写的程序
    |- index.jsx  程序入口「jsx后缀名可以让文件支持jsx语法」
|- package.json
|- ...

package.json说明

{
  "name": "react-zf",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "private": true,
  "dependencies": {
    "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.17.0",
    "@testing-library/react": "^13.4.0",
    "@testing-library/user-event": "^13.5.0",
    "react": "^18.2.0",
    "react-dom": "^18.2.0",
    "react-scripts": "5.0.1",
    "web-vitals": "^2.1.4"      //性能检测工具
  },
    // 打包命令是基于react-scripts处理
  "scripts": {
    "start": "react-scripts start",     // 开发环境：本地启动 web 服务器，预览打包内容
    "build": "react-scripts build",     // 生产环境：打包部署，打包的内容输出到 build 目录中
    "test": "react-scripts test",       // 单元测试
    "eject": "react-scripts eject"      // 暴露 webpack 配置规则，因为我想修改默认的打包规则
  },
    // 对 webpack 中 ESLint 词法检测的相关配置：
    // + 词法错误   不符合标准规范
    // + 符合标准  代码本身不会报错，但是不符合 ESLint 的检测规范
  "eslintConfig": {
    "extends": [
      "react-app",
      "react-app/jest"
    ]
  },
    // 基于browserslist规范，设置浏览器的兼容情况
    // @1. postcss-loader + autoprefixer会给 CSS3 设置相关的前缀
    // @2. babel-loader 会把 ES6 编译为 ES5
  "browserslist": {
    "production": [
      ">0.2%",   // 使用率超过 0.2%的浏览器
      "not dead", // 不考虑 IE
      "not op_mini all" //  不考虑欧朋浏览器
    ],
    "development": [  // 都是用浏览器最后一个 版本
      "last 1 chrome version",
      "last 1 firefox version",
      "last 1 safari version"
    ]
  }
}

# 暴露 webpack 配置规则

默认情况下，会把webpack配置项隐藏到node_modules中，如果想修改，则需要暴露配置项：
$ yarn eject

多出的文件

暴露 webpack 配置规则之后，会多出两个文件夹，一个是 config(paths.js:打包中需要的一些路径管理。webpack.config.js：脚手架默认的 webpack 打包规则的配置。webpackDevServer.config.js：webpack-dev-server的配置)，一个是 script(入 口文件)

{
  "name": "react-zf",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "private": true,
    // 把webpack打包所需要的所有模块，都重新安装一遍，放在了依赖项中
  "dependencies": {
    "@babel/core": "^7.16.0",
    "@pmmmwh/react-refresh-webpack-plugin": "^0.5.3",
    "@svgr/webpack": "^5.5.0",
    "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.17.0",
    "@testing-library/react": "^13.4.0",
    "@testing-library/user-event": "^13.5.0",
    "babel-jest": "^27.4.2",
    "babel-loader": "^8.2.3",
    "babel-plugin-named-asset-import": "^0.3.8",
    // babel-pleset-react-app 是对 @babel/preset-env 语法包的重写 [目的:把ES6转为ES5]重写的目的: 让语法包可以识别React的语法，实现代码转换
    "babel-preset-react-app": "^10.0.1",
    "bfj": "^7.0.2",
    "browserslist": "^4.18.1",
    "camelcase": "^6.2.1",
    "case-sensitive-paths-webpack-plugin": "^2.4.0",
    "css-loader": "^6.5.1",
    "css-minimizer-webpack-plugin": "^3.2.0",
    "dotenv": "^10.0.0",
    "dotenv-expand": "^5.1.0",
    "eslint": "^8.3.0",
    "eslint-config-react-app": "^7.0.1",
    "eslint-webpack-plugin": "^3.1.1",
    "file-loader": "^6.2.0",
    "fs-extra": "^10.0.0",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^5.5.0",
    "identity-obj-proxy": "^3.0.0",
    "jest": "^27.4.3",
    "jest-resolve": "^27.4.2",
    "jest-watch-typeahead": "^1.0.0",
    "mini-css-extract-plugin": "^2.4.5",
    "postcss": "^8.4.4",
    "postcss-flexbugs-fixes": "^5.0.2",
    "postcss-loader": "^6.2.1",
    "postcss-normalize": "^10.0.1",
    "postcss-preset-env": "^7.0.1",
    "prompts": "^2.4.2",
    "react": "^18.2.0",
    "react-app-polyfill": "^3.0.0",
    "react-dev-utils": "^12.0.1",
    "react-dom": "^18.2.0",
    "react-refresh": "^0.11.0",
    "resolve": "^1.20.0",
    "resolve-url-loader": "^4.0.0",
    "sass-loader": "^12.3.0",
    "semver": "^7.3.5",
    "source-map-loader": "^3.0.0",
    "style-loader": "^3.3.1",
    "tailwindcss": "^3.0.2",
    "terser-webpack-plugin": "^5.2.5",
    "web-vitals": "^2.1.4",
    "webpack": "^5.64.4",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^4.6.0",
    "webpack-manifest-plugin": "^4.0.2",
    "workbox-webpack-plugin": "^6.4.1"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node scripts/start.js",
    "build": "node scripts/build.js",
    "test": "node scripts/test.js"
  },
  "eslintConfig": {
    "extends": [
      "react-app",
      "react-app/jest"
    ]
  },
  "browserslist": {
    "production": [
      ">0.2%",
      "not dead",
      "not op_mini all"
    ],
    "development": [
      "last 1 chrome version",
      "last 1 firefox version",
      "last 1 safari version"
    ]
  },
  "jest": {
    "roots": [
      "<rootDir>/src"
    ],
    "collectCoverageFrom": [
      "src/**/*.{js,jsx,ts,tsx}",
      "!src/**/*.d.ts"
    ],
    "setupFiles": [
      "react-app-polyfill/jsdom"
    ],
    "setupFilesAfterEnv": [
      "<rootDir>/src/setupTests.js"
    ],
    "testMatch": [
      "<rootDir>/src/**/__tests__/**/*.{js,jsx,ts,tsx}",
      "<rootDir>/src/**/*.{spec,test}.{js,jsx,ts,tsx}"
    ],
    "testEnvironment": "jsdom",
    "transform": {
      "^.+\\.(js|jsx|mjs|cjs|ts|tsx)": "<rootDir>/config/jest/babelTransform.js",
      "^.+\\.css": "<rootDir>/config/jest/cssTransform.js",
      "^(?!.*\\.(js|jsx|mjs|cjs|ts|tsx|css|json))": "<rootDir>/config/jest/fileTransform.js"
    },
    "transformIgnorePatterns": [
      "[/\\\\]node_modules[/\\\\].+\\.(js|jsx|mjs|cjs|ts|tsx)",
      "^.+\\.module\\.(css|sass|scss)"
    ],
    "modulePaths": [],
    "moduleNameMapper": {
      "^react-native": "react-native-web",
      "^.+\\.module\\.(css|sass|scss)$": "identity-obj-proxy"
    },
    "moduleFileExtensions": [
      "web.js",
      "js",
      "web.ts",
      "ts",
      "web.tsx",
      "tsx",
      "json",
      "web.jsx",
      "jsx",
      "node"
    ],
    "watchPlugins": [
      "jest-watch-typeahead/filename",
      "jest-watch-typeahead/testname"
    ],
    "resetMocks": true
  },
  "babel": {
    "presets": [
      "react-app"
    ]
  }
}

script文件的说明

babel配置的说明

配置less

/* 
默认安装和配置的是sass，如果需要使用less，则需要：
1. 安装
  yarn add less less-loader@8 yarn remove sass-loader
2. 修改webpack.config.js
*/
// 72~73
const lessRegex = /\.less/;
const lessModuleRegex = /\.module\.less/;

//507~545
{
  test: lessRegex,
  exclude: lessModuleRegex,
  use: getStyleLoaders(
    ...
    'less-loader'
  )
},
{
  test: lessModuleRegex,
  use: getStyleLoaders(
    ...
    'less-loader'
  ),
}

配置别名

//313
resolve: {
  ...
  alias: {
    '@': path.appSrc,
    ...
  }
}

配置预览域名

// scripts/start.js
// 48
const HOST = process.env.HOST || '127.0.0.1';
// 也可以基于 cross-env 设置环境变量

改变端口号

yarn add cross-env
// package.json
"scripts": {
    "start": "cross-env PORT=1314 node scripts/start.js",
    "build": "node scripts/build.js",
    "test": "node scripts/test.js"
  }

修改浏览器兼容

//package.json
//https://github.com/browserslist/browserslist
"browserslist": {
  "production": [
    ">0.2%",
    "not dead",
    "not op_mini all"
  ],
  "development": [
    "last 1 chrome version",
    "last 1 firefox version",
    "last 1 safari version"
  ]
}

/* 对ES6内置API做兼容处理 */
// 框架中用react-app-polyfill对（@babel/polyfill）
import 'react-app-polyfill/ie9'  // ie9
import 'react-app-polyfill/ie11'
import 'react-app-polyfill/stable'

处理跨域

1.在src下新建setupProxy.js文件
2.yarn add http-proxy-middleware
http-proxy-middleware: 实现跨域代理的模块 [webpack-dev-server的跨域代理原理，也是基于它完成的]
3.setupProxy.js

const { createProxyMiddleware } = require("http-proxy-middleware");
module.exports = function (app) {
  // 代理多个就写多个app.use()
  app.use(
    createProxyMiddleware("/jian", {
      target: "https://www.jianshu.com/",
      changeOrigin: true,
      ws: true,
      pathRewrite: { "^/jian": "" },
    })
  );
  //   app.use(
  //     createPorxyMiddleware("/zhi", {
  //       target: "http://www.zhihu.com",
  //       changeOrigin: true,
  //       ws: true,
  //       pathRewrite: { "^/zhi": "" },
  //     })
  //   );
};
//测试地址：
//https://www.jianshu.com/asimov/subscriptions/recommended_collections
//https://news-at.zhihu.com/api/4/news/latest